Strains

From Laurens Mets, Case Western Reserve University, January 1981

Phenotype: abnormal eyespot, altered phototaxis

This is one of the oldest Chlamydomonas mutants, described by Hartshorne in 1955. It lacks eyespots and is easy to score microscopically for absence of the bright orange eyespot color. For more information on this mutant, please see CC-1101.

  • Locus:
  • EYE1
  • Chromosome:
  • 10

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, December 1980

Phenotype: antibiotic and inhibitor resistant (erythromycin, methionine sulfoximine, streptomycin)

From a cross of the multiply marked strain CC-28 to CC-79 ery3b mt-, December 1980

This strain couples the markers ery3 and msr1 on the right arm of linkage group I.

  • Locus:
  • ERY3, MSR1, SR1
  • Chromosome:
  • 1,9

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, December 1980

Phenotype: requires acetate

This strain is derived from CC-588 ac206 mt-, an isolate from Ursula Goodenough that had become suppressed. Wild type CC-125 mt+ was crossed to CC-588, an acetate-requiring product was isolated, and this product, which was mt-, was crossed again to CC-125. Linkage to XIV was verified by a cross to CC-551 ac177.

Please see CC-939 for more information on ac206.

Dreyfuss BW, Hamel PP, Nakamoto SS, Merchant S (2003) Functional analysis of a divergent system II protein, Ccs1, involved in c-type cytochrome biogenesis. J Biol Chem. 278:2604-13

  • Locus:
  • AC206 [CCS1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 13

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, December 1980

Phenotype: requires acetate and thiamine

From a cross of CC-258 nit2 thi2 x CC-530 ac17

This strain marks both arms and the centromere of linkage group III.

  • Locus:
  • AC17, NIT2, THI2
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, December 1980

Phenotype: impaired motility

From a cross of CC-1028 pf5 mt+ to CC-919, a wild type NIT+ strain. Additional crosses confirmed that CC-1116 has the wild type allele at the nit1 locus.

  • Locus:
  • NIT2, PF5 [DLL1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants, which were induced in the 137c background using nitrosoguanidine, show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation.

Bruce VG (1972) Mutants of the biological clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 70:537-548

Bruce VG (1974) Recombinants between clock mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 77:221-230

Bruce VG, Bruce NC (1978) Diploids of Clock Mutants of CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI. Genetics 89:225-233

Goodenough JE, Bruce VG, Carter A (1981) The effects of inhibitors affecting protein synthesis and membrane activity on the Chlamydomonas reinhardii phototactic rhythm. Biol Bull 161:371-381

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. Hwang and Herrin used this strain in their study of circadian control of LHC gene expression. For additional citations on the per mutants, please see CC-1117.

Hwang S, Herrin DL (1994) Control of lhc gene transcription by the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol Biol 26:557-569

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. Hwang and Herrin used this strain in their study of circadian control of LHC gene expression. For additional citations on the per mutants, please see CC-1117.

Hwang S, Herrin DL (1994) Control of lhc gene transcription by the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol Biol 26:557-569

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. Hwang and Herrin used this strain in their study of circadian control of LHC gene expression. For additional citations on the per mutants, please see CC-1117.

Hwang S, Herrin DL (1994) Control of lhc gene transcription by the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol Biol 26:557-569

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. This strain couples four of the original mutants isolated by Bruce and colleagues. Please see CC-1117 for reference citations.

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. Please see CC-1117 for reference citations.

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: altered circadian rhythm

The per mutants show alterations in the circadian rhythm of phototactic aggregation. Hwang and Herrin used this strain in their study of circadian control of LHC gene expression. For additional citations on the per mutants, please see CC-1117.

Hwang S, Herrin DL (1994) Control of lhc gene transcription by the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol Biol 26:557-569

From Victor Bruce, Princeton University, January 1981

Phenotype: antibiotic resistant (cycloheximide)

In sending this strain, Victor Bruce stated that it appeared to be a new cycloheximide resistant mutant, not allelic with either act1 or act2. Crosses by Elizabeth Harris and by Geraldine Fleming in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory suggested however that it is an act2 allele.

Goodenough JE, Bruce VG, Carter A (1981) The effects of inhibitors affecting protein synthesis and membrane activity on the Chlamydomonas reinhardii phototactic rhythm. Biol Bull 161:371-381

Fleming GH, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1987) The cytoplasmic ribosomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization of antibiotic sensitivity and cycloheximide-resistant mutants. Mol Gen Genet 210:419-428

  • Locus:
  • ACT2 [RPL36a]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, February 1981

Phenotype: antibiotic resistant (streptomycin)

From a cross of CC-112 sr1 (nit1 nit2) mt+ x CC-919 wild type (nit+) mt-, February 1981.

This is the very useful streptomycin resistance marker sr1 in a strain that can grow on nitrate.

  • Locus:
  • SR1
  • Chromosome:
  • 9

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, February 1981

Phenotype: requires acetate; motility impaired

From a cross in 1981 of CC-1040 ac22 x CC-262 pf17. CC-1040 was subsequently discarded, leaving CC-1019 as the primary stock of ac22.

This strain marks the right arm of linkage group VII.

  • Locus:
  • AC22, PF17 [RSP9]
  • Chromosome:
  • 7

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, February 1981

Phenotype: resistant to antibiotics and metabolic inhibitors (cycloheximide, methionine sulfoximine, neamine, pyrithiamine, and streptomycin)

From a cross of CC-975, a multiply marked strain, to CC-919, a wild type strain with nitrate reductase activity.

This was created as a multiply marked strain in a nit+ background, free of auxotrophic and pf markers. Although CC-1144 swims normally, some progeny in crosses seem to have impaired motility, suggesting that it may actually contain pf2 from the CC-975 parent strain, plus a segregating suppressor. CC-1144 carries the wild type alleles at both the NIT1 and NIT2 loci, and can therefore grow on nitrate medium.

  • Locus:
  • ACT2 [RPL36a], MSR1, NR1, PYR1, SR1
  • Chromosome:
  • 1,4,6,8,9

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: does not mate

This mutant was induced by Goodenough et al. in a mt+ strain. It does not mate, and fails to agglutinate with cells of either mating type. It was subsequently shown to be a mutation at the SAG1 locus. This locus is not linked to mating type, but its mutants are sex-limited, expressed only in mt+ cells.

Goodenough UW, Hwang C, Martin H (1976) Isolation and genetic analysis of mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardi defective in gametic differentiation. Genetics 82:169-186

Adair WS, Hwang C, Goodenough UW (1983) Identification and visualization of the sexual agglutinin from the mating-type plus flagellar membrane of Chlamydomonas. Cell 33:183-193

  • Locus:
  • IMP9 [SAG1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 8

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: does not mate

SAD1 is a sex-linked locus, part of the mating type region in mt- cells. Mutants at this locus do not agglutinate with mt+ cells.

Hwang CJ, Monk BC, Goodenough UW (1981) Linkage of Mutations Affecting minus Flagellar Membrane Agglutinability to the mt Mating-Type Locus of Chlamydomonas. Genetics 99, 41-47

Galloway RE, Goodenough UW (1985) Genetic analysis of mating locus linked mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Genetics 111:447-461

Saito T, Small L, Goodenough UW (1993) Activation of adenylyl cyclase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by adhesion and by heat. J Cell Biol 122:137-147

Ferris PJ, Goodenough UW (1994) The mating-type locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains highly rearranged DNA sequences. Cell 76:1135-1145

  • Locus:
  • IMP10 [SAD1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: sex reversal

The imp11 mutant was isolated by Goodenough in the 137c background, and initially characterized as a sex reversal mutant; although isolated in minus, it mated as plus. Subsequently it was found to be a mutation in the MID gene, which is present in the mating-type region only in minus cells and is responsible for minus dominance in mt+/mt- diploids.

Goodenough UW, Detmers PA, Hwang C (1982) Activation for cell fusion in Chlamydomonas: analysis of wild-type gametes and nonfusing mutants. J Cell Biol 92:378-386

Galloway RE, Goodenough UW (1985) Genetic analysis of mating locus linked mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Genetics 111:447-461

Forest CL (1987) Genetic control of plasma membrane adhesion and fusion in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Sci 88:613-621

Ferris PJ, Goodenough UW (1997) Mating type in Chlamydomonas is specified by mid, the minus-dominance gene. Genetics 146:859-869

  • Locus:
  • IMP11 [MID]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: does not mate

SAD1 is a sex-linked locus, part of the mating type region in mt- cells. Mutants at this locus do not agglutinate with mt+ cells.

Hwang CJ, Monk BC, Goodenough UW (1981) Linkage of Mutations Affecting minus Flagellar Membrane Agglutinability to the mt Mating-Type Locus of Chlamydomonas. Genetics 99:41-47

Galloway RE, Goodenough UW (1985) Genetic analysis of mating locus linked mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Genetics 111:447-461

Pasquale SM, Goodenough UW (1987) Cyclic AMP functions as a primary sexual signal in gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Cell Biol 105:2279-2292

  • Locus:
  • IMP12 [SAD1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Donald Weeks, University of Nebraska, May 1981

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutant has a temperature-conditional defect in flagellar assembly.

Gealt MA, Weeks DP (1980) Tubulin synthesis in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Exp Cell Res 127:329-339

From Paul Bolen in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, May 1981

From a cross by Paul Bolen in the Boynton/Gillham lab, CC-125 wild type mt+ x CC-1153 sr-u-sm2 spr-u-sp-23 er? me1.

This strain carries the me1 mutation which constitutively methylates chloroplast DNA; described by Bolen et al. Cell 28, 335-343 (1982). It may also carry a nuclear erythromycin resistance mutation, allelism of which has not be tested.

Bolen PL, Grant DM, Swinton D, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1982) Extensive methylation of chloroplast DNA by a nuclear gene mutation does not affect chloroplast gene transmission in chlamydomonas. Cell 28:335-343

Sager R, Grabowy C (1983) Differential methylation of chloroplast DNA regulates maternal inheritance in a methylated mutant of Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:3025-3029

Nishiyama R, Ito M, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H (2002) A chloroplast-resident DNA methyltransferase is responsible for hypermethylation of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas maternal gametes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5925-5930

From Paul Bolen in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, May 1981

From a cross by Paul Bolen in the Boynton/Gillham lab, CC-125 wild type mt+ x CC-1153 sr-u-sm2 spr-u-sp-23 er? me1.

For additional information on the me1 mutation, please see CC-1154.

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, May 1981

Phenotype: requires acetate

From a cross of CC-125 wild type mt+ x CC-546 ac115 mt-.

CC-546 is no longer in the collection. Please see CC-548 for more information on ac115.

  • Locus:
  • AC115
  • Chromosome:
  • 1,8

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: does not mate

The imp6 mutation was induced by Goodenough et al. in a mt+ strain. It does not mate, and fails to agglutinate with cells of either mating type. This isolate was recovered by forced mating of the original mutant. Please see CC-471 for more information on this mutation

  • Locus:
  • IMP6 [SAG1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 8

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Phenotype: does not mate

This is the clone of imp1 that has been used for most of her work. Mutants at the FUS1 locus are blocked in adhesion of mating structures prior to sexual fusion.

Recommended for a well-characterized non-mating strain.

Goodenough UW, Hwang C, Martin H (1976) Isolation and genetic analysis of mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardi defective in gametic differentiation. Genetics 82:169-186

Goodenough UW, Detmers PA, Hwang C (1982) Activation for cell fusion in Chlamydomonas: analysis of wild-type gametes and nonfusing mutants. J Cell Biol 92:378-386

Forest CL (1987) Genetic control of plasma membrane adhesion and fusion in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Sci 88:613-621

  • Locus:
  • FUS1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Ursula Goodenough, Washington University, May 1981

Mutants at the SAG1 locus are sex-limited, expressed only in mt+ cells. This locus is not linked to mating type. This strain has the imp9 mutation in a mt- background, where it is not expressed. For more information on imp9, please see CC-1146.

  • Locus:
  • IMP9 [SAG1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 8

From Clark Ford, Wang lab, University of Iowa, June 1981

Phenotype: yellow in the dark

This is a stable y1 mutant. Please see CC-735 for more information on the Y1 locus.

  • Locus:
  • Y1
  • Chromosome:
  • 15

From Clark Ford, Wang lab, University of Iowa, June 1981

Phenotype: yellow in the dark

Like other y mutants, this strain is yellow in the dark. The phenotype is stable and not temperature-conditional.

Also see CC-4033, which is y5 mt+ in a nitrate-utilizing background.

Ford C, Wang W (1980) Three new yellow loci in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Gen Genet 179:259-263

  • Locus:
  • Y5
  • Chromosome:
  • 1

From Clark Ford, Wang lab, University of Iowa, June 1981

Phenotype: yellow in the dark

Please see CC-1169 for more information on the Y5 locus. Also see CC-4034, which is y5 mt- in a nitrate-utilizing background.

  • Locus:
  • Y5
  • Chromosome:
  • 1