Strains

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain N 682-3

This is a double mutant of nic-4 and nic-6, both of which require nicotinamide or quinolinic acid.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

Uhlik DJ, Gowans CS (1974) Synthesis of nicotinic acid in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Int J Biochem 5:79-84

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain

This is a double mutant of nic-4, which requires nicotinamide or quinolinic acid, and nic-5, which requires nicotinamide but cannot use quinolinic acid.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

Uhlik DJ, Gowans CS (1974) Synthesis of nicotinic acid in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Int J Biochem 5:79-84

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain N 2028-4

The nic-6 mutant requires nicotinamide or quinolinic acid. mod-1 is a second mutation that blocks utilization of quinolinic acid (in nic-6) and nicotinic acid (in nic-5 and nic-6). The mod-1 phenotype can be abolished by high ionic strength (50 mM KCl or other salts) but not by osmotically active agenes such as glucose, sucrose, or glycerol. Nakamura and Gowans (1972) postulated that the mod-1 mutation might modify calcium transport, with the change in utilization of nicotinic and quinolinic acids being a secondary effect.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1967) Ionic remediability of a mutational transport defect in Chlamydomonas. J Bacteriol 93:1185-1187

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1972) A modifier of a nic gene in Chlamydomonas. Can J Gen Cytol 14:733

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain J 130-4

For more information on the apy1 mutant, see CC-1427. For the C. eugametos thi1 mutant, see CC-1507.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain CJ 69-1

For more information on the C. eugametos thi-1 mutant, please see CC-1507. For mpa-1 and mpa2, please see CC-1436 and CC-1442.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983

For more information on the C. eugametos thi1 mutant, see CC-1507. For mpa-1 and mpa2, please see CC-1436 and CC-1442.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain J 211-3

For more information on the mutations in this strain, please see CC-1528 (nic-6 and mod-1), CC-1507 (thi-1), CC-1436 (mpa-1), and CC-1442 (mpa-2).

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain
Mo 43

This is a double mutant of nic-4, which requires nicotinamide or quinolinic acid, and the pyrithiamine resistant mutant ptr.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

Uhlik DJ, Gowans CS (1974) Synthesis of nicotinic acid in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Int J Biochem 5:79-84

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain Mo 28

The nic-5 mutant requires nicotinamine and cannot use quinolinic acid.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain Mo 29

This mutant requires nicotinamide, but we don’t know if it corresponds to one of the numbered loci.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain Mo 30

This mutant requires nicotinamide, but we don’t know if it corresponds to one of the numbered loci.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain Mo 31

This is one of four allelic mutants that were UV-induced in C. eugametos by Gowans and collaborators. It requires nicotinamide or quinolinic acid.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

Uhlik DJ, Gowans CS (1974) Synthesis of nicotinic acid in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Int J Biochem 5:79-84

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain Mo 33

This mutant requires nicotinamide, but we don’t know if it corresponds to one of the numbered loci.

Nakamura K, Gowans CS (1965) Genetic Control of Nicotinic Acid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas Eugametos. Genetics 51:931-945

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain
C 27-2

For more information on the mutations in this strain, please see CC-1507 (thi-1), CC-1460 (nr-1) and CC-1442 (mpa-2).

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain C 50-2

For more information on the mutations in this strain, please see CC-1507 (thi-1), CC-1460 (nr-1) and CC-1442 (mpa-2).

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain B 93-2

This is a thiamine-requiring mutant UV-induced by Gowans. It requires intact thiamine, and cannot use thiazole and pyrithiamine.

Gowans CS (1960) Some genetic investigations on Chlamydomonas eugametos. Z Vererbs 91:63-73

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, 1982

Phenotype: antibiotic resistant (cycloheximide)

From a cross of CC-1036 pf18 mt+ to a strain that eventually became CC-1712 act1 ac12 mt-. This strain has the wild type alleles at the PF18 and AC12 loci.

The act1 mutation was isolated by Sager and Tsubo, and confers resistance to 5-20 micrograms/ml cycloheximide (trade name Actidione). Some preliminary testing may be required to establish a concentration of the antibiotic that kills wild type cells but permits growth of the mutant. At the correct concentration, however, this mutant is easy to score and makes a good genetic marker.

Sager mapped this locus to linkage group II, near AC12. Smyth et al. (1975) thought that the act mutant under investigation by their group was identical with Sager’s mutant, but found that theirs mapped to linkage group VI. Assignment of these two mutations to II and VI respectively was confirmed by crosses at the Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, and the loci were therefore designated ACT1 and ACT2.

Fleming et al. showed that the act1 allele is dominant in diploids, and that cytoplasmic ribosomes isolated from act1 strains are resistant to cycloheximide in vitro. Resistance was localized to the large subunit of the cytoplasmic ribosome, but no protein alteration could be detected on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The mutant gene has not been cloned and sequenced yet. However, a candidate gene is RPL27a, which maps to approximately the same location as ACT1 on chromosome 2. (Note that the primary gene encoding actin has also been called ACT1. This mutation has nothing to do with that gene.)

Smyth RD, Martinek GW, Ebersold WT (1975) Linkage of six genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the construction of linkage test strains. J Bacteriol 124:1615-1617

Fleming GH, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1987) The cytoplasmic ribosomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization of antibiotic sensitivity and cycloheximide-resistant mutants. Mol Gen Genet 210:419-428

  • Locus:
  • ACT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 2

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, 1982

Phenotype: antibiotic resistant (cycloheximide)

From a cross of gln1 mt+ x CC-1144 msr1 pyr1 sr1 nr1 act2 pf2 mt-. This strain has the wild type alleles at the GLN1, MSR1, PYR1, NR1, and SR1 loci. The pf2 mutation doesn’t seem to have been scored.

The act2 mutation confers resistance to 5-20 micrograms/ml cycloheximide. Some preliminary testing may be required to establish a concentration of the antibiotic that kills wild type cells but permits growth of the mutant. At the correct concentration, however, this mutant is easy to score and makes a good genetic marker for the distal right arm of linkage group VI. The ACT2 locus is very far from the centromere on the right arm of linkage group VI and often does not show linkage to markers on the left arm.

Sager mapped an act mutant isolated in her laboratory to linkage group II, near AC12. Smyth et al. (1975) thought that the act mutant under investigation by their group was identical with Sager’s mutant, but found that theirs mapped to linkage group VI. Assignment of these two mutations to II and VI respectively was confirmed by crosses at the Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, and the loci were designated ACT1 (see CC-1589) and ACT2 respectively. The act2 allele in CC-1590 traces back to Smyth’s multiply marked strain CC-28.

Fleming et al. showed that the original act2 mutation is semi-dominant to its wild type allele in diploids, and that cytoplasmic ribosomes isolated from act2 strains are resistant to cycloheximide in vitro. Resistance was localized to the large subunit of the cytoplasmic ribosome.

Stevens et al. showed that the original act2 is a mutation in the gene encoding protein L41 (yeast nomenclature, = human L44) of the cytoplasmic ribosome. This protein has been annotated as RPL36a in the Chlamydomonas genome sequence.

The mutant cyr1 isolated by J. Goodenough et al. is probably an allele at the ACT2 locus (see CC-1124), as are additional mutants independently isolated by Fleming. Stevens et al. showed that the latter mutations all affect the Pro 54 residue which is changed to Ser in act2c and act2d, and to Leu in act2, act2a, and act2b.

Smyth RD, Martinek GW, Ebersold WT (1975) Linkage of six genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the construction of linkage test strains. J Bacteriol 124:1615-1617

Goodenough JE, Bruce VG, Carter A (1981) The effects of inhibitors affecting protein synthesis and membrane activity on the Chlamydomonas reinhardii phototactic rhythm. Biol Bull 161:371-381

Fleming GH, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1987) The cytoplasmic ribosomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization of antibiotic sensitivity and cycloheximide-resistant mutants. Mol Gen Genet 210:419-428

Stevens DR, Atteia A, Franzén LG, Purton S (2001) Cycloheximide resistance conferred by novel mutations in ribosomal protein L41 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Gen Genet 264:790-795

  • Locus:
  • ACT2 [RPL36a]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, 1982

Phenotype: requires acetate; motility impaired

From a cross of CC-1116 pf5 nit2 x CC-550 ac141

These mutations mark both arms of linkage group III, relatively close to the centromere.

  • Locus:
  • AC141, PF5 [DLL1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, 1982

Phenotype: requires acetate

From CC-596 ac28 mt+ x CC-919 wild type NIT+

This strain provides a pair of markers on the left arm of linkage group III. See CC-1702 for the same combination in mt-.

  • Locus:
  • AC28, NIT2
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain
In 1

Hydrogenase activity was demonstrated in C. eugametos by Abeles and by Ward. We have no notes from Gowans on this strain, but we suspect it was selected for good hydrogen production.

Abeles FB (1964) Cell-free Hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol 39:169-176

Ward MA (1970) Whole cell and cell-free hydrogenases of algae. Phytochemistry 9:259-266

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 2

Hydrogenase activity was demonstrated in C. eugametos by Abeles and by Ward. We have no notes from Gowans on this strain, but we suspect it was selected for good hydrogen production.

Abeles FB (1964) Cell-free Hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas. Plant Physiol 39:169-176

Ward MA (1970) Whole cell and cell-free hydrogenases of algae. Phytochemistry 9:259-266

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 12

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 14

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 15

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 16

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 17

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 18

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

From C.S. Gowans, University of Missouri, March 1983, his strain In 19

Gowans supplied no information on this strain.

Chlamydomonas Genetics Center, Duke University, 1983

Phenotype: wall deficient

From CC-1311 cw15 sr1 pf2 nit2 x CC-800 nit2.

This was selected as cw15 isolate that swims and mates well. It was used in crosses in 1983, and was easy to score but often produced incomplete tetrads.

  • Locus:
  • NIT2
  • Chromosome:
  • 3