Strains

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, May 1989

Phenotype: impaired motility

MBO is an acronym for “move backwards only.” Three allelic mbo1 mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ICR191 in the 137c background, but we are uncertain which allele is present in the various mbo1 strains in the Chlamydomonas Resource Center collection.

Segal RA, Huang B, Ramanis Z, Luck DJ (1984) Mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that move backwards only. J Cell Biol 98:2026-2034

Yoshimura K, Matsuo Y, Kamiya R (2003) Gravitaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii studied with novel mutants. Plant Cell Physiol 44:1112-118

• Locus:
• MBO1
• Chromosome:
• 6

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, May 1989

Phenotype: impaired motility

The original mbo2 mutants were nitrosoguanidine-induced in Luck’s laboratory in the 137c background. We don’t know which allele this is. The MBO2 locus corresponds to a gene encoding a coiled coil flagellar protein.

Segal RA, Huang B, Ramanis Z, Luck DJ (1984) Mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that move backwards only. J Cell Biol 98:2026-2034

Tam LW, Lefebvre PA (2002) The Chlamydomonas MBO2 locus encodes a conserved coiled-coil protein important for flagellar waveform conversion. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 51:197-212

• Locus:
• MBO2
• Chromosome:
• 9

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, May 1989

Phenotype: impaired motility

The mbo3 mutant was induced with ICR191 in the 137c background.

Most cells in a culture of this strain move backwards only, but Luck reported that the population typically also contains many cells with wild-type motility and cells with short, paralyzed flagella. Tam and Lefebvre also noted that this mutant has a leaky phenotype.

Segal RA, Huang B, Ramanis Z, Luck DJ (1984) Mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that move backwards only. J Cell Biol 98:2026-2034

Tam LW, Lefebvre PA (2002) The Chlamydomonas MBO2 locus encodes a conserved coiled-coil protein important for flagellar waveform conversion. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 51:197-212

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This mutant was isolated by Rosen after mutagenesis with ICR-170. CC-2020 is the same mutation in mt+.

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This is a UV-sensitive mutant isolated by Rosen and Ebersold after UV mutagenesis. Cells of this mutant are deficient in recombination repair, but in contrast to uvsE1, this deficiency is not associated with meiotic recombination. See CC-2023 for the same mutation in mt-.

Rosen H, Ebersold WT (1972) Recombination in relation to ultraviolet sensitivity in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 71:247-253

Portney MD, Rosen H (1980) The effect of caffeine on repair in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. II. Interaction of repair systems. Mutat Res 70:311-321

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Vlcková A (1991) The repair systems in green algae as compared with present knowledge in heterotrophic microorganisms. Arch Protistenkd 139:193-199

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This is a UV-sensitive mutant isolated by Rosen after UV mutagenesis. See CC-2024 for the same mutation in mt+.

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This is a UV-sensitive mutant isolated by Rosen after UV mutagenesis. See CC-2026 for the same mutation in mt+.

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This mutation was induced by Davies in the 137c background, using nitrosoguanidine as mutagen. It is closely linked or allelic with uvs3. This mutant is partially deficient in excision repair of nuclear DNA.

Please see CC-883 for the same mutation in mt+.

Davies DR, Lyall V (1967) The assembly of a highly ordered component of the cell wall: the role of heritable factors and of physical structure. Mol Gen Genet 124:21-34

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Vlcková A (1991) The repair systems in green algae as compared with present knowledge in heterotrophic microorganisms. Arch Protistenkd 139:193-199

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This UV-sensitive mutant is not deficient in excision repair, but may have a defect in recombinational repair. The UVS10 locus was mapped by Vlcek et al. to the right arm of linkage group I, about 31 map units from the centromere, but has not been placed relative to other markers in this region.

Please see CC-2113 for the same mutation in mt+.

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Adams GM, Small GD (1987) General characteristics, molecular and genetic analysis of two new UV-sensitive mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mutat Res 183:169-175

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Vlcková A (1991) The repair systems in green algae as compared with present knowledge in heterotrophic microorganisms. Arch Protistenkd 139:193-199

• Locus:
• UVS10
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Howard Rosen, California State University, Los Angeles, August 1989

Phenotype: UV sensitive

This mutant is not deficient in excision repair.

Please see CC-2114 for the same mutation in mt+.

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Adams GM, Small GD (1987) General characteristics, molecular and genetic analysis of two new UV-sensitive mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mutat Res 183:169-175

Vlček D, Podstavkova S, Miadoková E, Vlcková A (1991) The repair systems in green algae as compared with present knowledge in heterotrophic microorganisms. Arch Protistenkd 139:193-199

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, 1989

This is a radiation-sensitive mutant sent to the Boynton-Gillham laboratory in 1989 and subseequently added to the public stock collection.

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, 1989

This is a radiation-sensitive mutant sent to the Boynton-Gillham laboratory in 1989 and subseequently added to the public stock collection.

From Liz Orr in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, September 1989

Phenotype: requires arginine (suppressed)

The arg9 mutants are deficient in acetylornithine aminotransferase and require arginine, citrulline or ornithine for growth. Ferris and Goodenough mapped the ARG9 locus to a position about 20 cM centromere-proximal to the mating type locus.

This strain is suppressed. The arg9 shf2 double mutant CC-2958 is still arginine-requiring.

Loppes R, Heindricks R (1986) New arginine-requiring mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Arch Microbiol 143:348-352

Ferris PJ, Goodenough UW (1994) The mating-type locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains highly rearranged DNA sequences. Cell 76:1135-1145

• Locus:
• ARG9
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Liz Orr in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, September 1989

Phenotype: does not mate; moves backwards only

Originally isolated by Ritsu Kamiya, this strain does not mate, and also shows the backwards-swimming phenotype typical of mbo1 mutants. Both phenotypes are closely linked to mating type. Patrick Ferris (pers. comm.) thinks this is probably is a double mutant at the SFU (FUS1) and MBO1 loci.

Forest CL (1987) Genetic control of plasma membrane adhesion and fusion in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Sci 88:613-621

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: yellow in the dark; requires arginine

This strain is light sensitive, and should be kept in the dark. This is a recombinant obtained by N.N. Alexandrova from the 494/27 MNNG-induced yellow-in-the-dark strain, crossed to arg7.

Please see CC-2768 for more information on y27.

• Locus:
• ARG7
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

This was received from Chunayev as the wild-type parent of his chl1-19 mutant. In our experience it does not grow as vigorously as other wild-type cells.

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: requires acetate

This strain, obtained originally by Chunayev from Pierre Bennoun as BF-4, is deficient in the LHCII light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II.

Olive J, Wollman FA, Bennoun P, Recouvreur M (1981) Ultrastructure of thylakoid membranes in C. reinhardtii: evidence for variations in the partition coefficient of the light-harvesting complex-containing particles upon membrane fracture. Arch Biochem Biophys 208:456-467

de Vitry C, Wollman FA (1988) Changes in phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins in light-harvesting complex mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta 933:444–449

Finazzi G (2002) Redox-coupled proton pumping activity in cytochrome b6f, as evidenced by the pH dependence of electron transfer in whole cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochemistry 41:7475-7482

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: somewhat chlorophyll deficient

The pg-113 mutant was isolated by M. Tellenbach in Arminio Boschetti’s laboratory, and subsequently determined in collaboration with Chunayev to be an allele at the CBN1 locus, now known to be equivalent to the CAO1 gene. It is somewhat chlorophyll deficient and should be maintained in dim light.

The following notes on pg-113 were sent by Armino Boschetti in 2001:
“The pg-113 mutant was obtained by M. Tellenbach by UV mutation of C. reinhardtii strain 11/32f Levine, mutant Arg2 mt+ (from Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Cambridge UK) and selected for altered color [M. Tellenbach (1984), Herbizidresistenz und Pigmentdefizienz, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland]. It was described in several papers, but the mutated gene or gene product is not yet identified. In collaboration with A.S. Chunayev it was shown that this mutant is allelic to his cbn-48-1 mutant, however, the composition of the thylakoid proteins seem to be somehow different. The mutant laks a stable chlorophyll complex II (electrophoresis of partially solubilized thylakoids) and lacks chlorophyll b, but has normal chlorophyll a content. The amount of neoxanthin is reduced. The LHCII proteins are present and are even phosphorylated and dephosphorylated as normal. ”

For more information on cbn1, please see CC-1354.

Michel H, Tellenbach M, Boschetti A (1983) A chlorophyll b-less mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii lacking in the light-harvesting chlorophyll complex but not in its apoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 725:417-424

• Locus:
• CBN1 [CAO1]
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: carotenoid deficient; requires acetate

This strain should be kept in dim light.

The following notes on lor1-101 were sent by Armino Boschetti in 2001:
“The pg-101 [lor1] mutant was obtained by M. Tellenbach by UV mutation of C. reinhardtii strain 11/32f Levine, mutant Arg2 mt+ (from Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Cambridge UK) and selected for altered color [M. Tellenbach (1984), Herbizidresistenz und Pigmentdefizienz, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland]. The phenotypical difference detected at first was the lack in loroxanthin on thinlayer chromatograms of pigment extracts. As separation of lutein and zeaxanthin by HPLC as well as confirmation of the absence of low amounts of alpha-carotene is rather difficult, it took us some years to demonstrate that this mutant is not able to produce alpha-ionone rigns in carotenoids (episilon-rings), which means that the alpha cyclase is inactive or missing [A.S. Chunayev et al. (1991). Chlorophyll b- and loroxanthin-deficient mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Photosynthetica 25, 291-301]. It was renamed to lor-1 by Chunayev who studied the genetics of this mutant. ”

Eichenberger W, Boschetti A, Michel HP (1986) Lipid and pigment composition of a chlorophyll b-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Physiologia Plantarum 66:589-594

Chunaev AS, Mirnaya ON, Maslov VG, Boschetti A (1991) Chlorophyll b- and loroxanthin-deficient mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynthetica 25:291-301

Niyogi KK, Björkman O, Grossman AR (1997) The roles of specific xanthophylls in photoprotection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:14162-14167

Baroli I, Do AD, Yamane T, Niyogi KK (2003) Zeaxanthin accumulation in the absence of a functional xanthophyll cycle protects Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from photooxidative stress. Plant Cell 15:992-1008

Anwaruzzaman M, Chin BL, Li XP, Lohr M, Martinez DA, Niyogi KK (2004) Genomic analysis of mutants affecting xanthophyll biosynthesis and regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth Res 82:265-276

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: antibiotic resistant (chloramphenicol)

This strain is resistant to 200 micrograms/ml chloramphenicol on acetate medium. This appears to be a nuclear mutation.

Tugarinov VV, Levchenko AB (1976) Soviet Genetics 12, 336-342

Tugarinov et al. (1980) Soviet Genetics 16, 1199-1206

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: requires arginine; antibiotic resistant (erythromycin)

Chunayev used this as a parent strain for coupling other mutations with arg7-8 in order to obtain diploids. It can also be used as a mapping strain for the right arm of linkage group I, and is the only strain in our collection that combines an arg7 allele with ery3. For more information on ery3, please see CC-73.

• Locus:
• ARG7, ERY3
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Alexander Chunayev, Leningrad State University, September 1989

Phenotype: carotenoid and chlorophyll b deficient; requires arginine

The cbn1-114 mutation was induced with nitrosoguanidine and obtained as a low-fluorescing light-resistant revertant from a lts1-154 arg7 strain C1025-71 (Chunayev, unpublished).

For more information on cbn1, please see CC-1354, and for more on mutants at the LTS1 locus, please see CC-4109.

• Locus:
• ARG7, CBN1 [CAO1]LTS1 [PSY1]
• Chromosome:
• 1,11

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1989

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

The cd (chlorophyll-deficient) mutants were described in a master’s thesis at Duke University by Janet Devitis Kolesar in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory. They are deficient in chlorophyll a/b, mostly b. This isolate was recovered by Alexander Chunayev from a cross of the original cd1 mutant.

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1989

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

The cd (chlorophyll-deficient) mutants were described in a master’s thesis at Duke University by Janet Devitis Kolesar in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory. They are deficient in chlorophyll a/b, mostly b. This isolate was recovered by Alexander Chunayev from a cross of the original cd1 mutant.

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1989

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

The cd (chlorophyll-deficient) mutants were described in a master’s thesis at Duke University by Janet Devitis Kolesar in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory. They are deficient in chlorophyll a/b, mostly b. This isolate was recovered by Alexander Chunayev from a cross of the original cd2 mutant.

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1989

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

The cd (chlorophyll-deficient) mutants were described in a master’s thesis at Duke University by Janet Devitis Kolesar in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory. They are deficient in chlorophyll a/b, mostly b. This isolate was recovered by Alexander Chunayev from a cross of the original cd2 mutant.

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, January 1990

The nit1-305 mutation was isolated by Sosa et al. in strain 21 gr (see CC-1690), using nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and selection for chlorate resistance. This nit1 allele is specifically deficient in the diaphorase activity of the nitrate reductase complex. Fernandez and Cardenas reported that the diaphorase subunit had significantly lower molecular weight than its wild type equivalent. This mutation can be complemented by transformation with the cloned NIT1 gene. This strain has the wild type allele at the NIT2 locus.

Sosa FM, Ortega T, Barea JL (1978) Mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardii affected in their nitrate assimilation capabiligy. Plant Sci Lett 11:51-58

Fernández E, Cárdenas J (1981) In vitro complementation of assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase from mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Biochim Biophys Acta 657:1-12

Fernández E, Cárdenas J (1982) Regulation of the nitrate-reducing system enzymes in wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Mol Gen Genet 186:164-169

Fernández E, Cárdenas J (1983) Z Naturforsch 38 c:439-445

Fernández E, Matagne RF (1984) Genetic analysis of nitrate reductase-deficient mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Curr Genet 8:635-640

Fernández E, Matagne RF (1986) In vivo complementation analysis of nitrate reductase-deficient mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Curr Genet 10:397-403

Franco AR, Cárdenas J, Fernández E (1987) Involvement of Reversible Inactivation in the Regulation of Nitrate Reductase Enzyme Levels in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 84:665-669

Kalakoutskii, Kyrill L, Fernández E (1995) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nitrate reductase complex has 105 kDa subunits in the wild-type strain and a structural mutant. Plant Sci 105:195-206

Kindle KL (1990) High-frequency nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87:1228-1232

• Locus:
• NIT1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, January 1990

Phenotype: wall deficient

The original nit1 mutation confers deficiency in both the diaphorase and terminal activities of nitrate reductase; nit1-305 affects only the diaphorase activity. This strain is transformable with the NIT1 plasmid. The cell wall deficient phenotype is not pronounced in this strain, however, and better transformation efficiencies will be obtained if autolysin is also used to remove the walls prior to introducing the DNA. This strain has the wild type allele at the NIT2 locus.

For more information on nit1-305, please see CC-2453.

• Locus:
• NIT1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1990

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient; requires arginine

Double mutant stock from a cross by Alexander Chunayev 1989-1990, while in the Boynton/Gillham laboratory

This strain is deficient in chlorophyll b. We maintain it in dim light.

For more information on cbn1, please see CC-1354.

• Locus:
• ARG7, CBN1 [CAO1]
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Alexander Chunayev in Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1990

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

The cd (chlorophyll-deficient) mutants were described in a Master’s thesis at Duke University by Janet Devitis Kolesar in the Boynton-Gillham laboratory. They are deficient in chlorophyll a/b, mostly b. This isolate (designated 6-1)was recovered by Alexander Chunayev from a cross of the original cd5 mutant.