Strains

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, December 1990

This is a tetrad product from a cross of CC-1373 C. smithii mt+ x CC-2645, used for molecular mapping as described by Ranum et al. for a similar set of progeny from CC-1373 x CC-29.

Ranum LP, Thompson MD, Schloss JA, Lefebvre PA, Silflow CD (1988) Mapping flagellar genes in Chlamydomonas using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genetics 120:109-122

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, December 1990

This is a tetrad product from a cross of CC-1373 C. smithii mt+ x CC-2645, used for molecular mapping as described by Ranum et al. for a similar set of progeny from CC-1373 x CC-29.

Ranum LP, Thompson MD, Schloss JA, Lefebvre PA, Silflow CD (1988) Mapping flagellar genes in Chlamydomonas using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genetics 120:109-122

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, December 1990

Phenotype: requires nicotinamide; antibiotic and inhibitor resistant (erythromycin, neamine, pyrithiamine, streptomycin); motility impaired

This strain maps six linkage groups with easily scored markers. It was used as the mt- parent in a cross to CC-1373 C. smithii for generation of progeny marked with restriction site polymorphisms (CC-2537 through CC-2644).

• Locus:
• ERY1 [PRPL4], NIC1, NR1, PF17 [RSP9], PYR1, SR1
• Chromosome:
• 4,7,8,9,11

From Rene Matagne, University of Liege, 1991

Phenotype: abnormal cell division

Originally thought to have modified transmission of the chloroplast genome, the mat3 mutants have been shown by Umen and Goodenough to have lesions in a retinoblastoma protein analog involved in cell division. The altered plastid gene transmission is a secondary consequence of abnormally small cell size. This is Matagne’s stock of the mat3-2 mutant, obtained by him from Gillham.

This mutation may become suppressed, and outcrossing to wild type may be necessary to recover the original phenotype.

Gillham NW, Boynton JE, Johnson AM, Burkhart BD (1987) Mating type linked mutations which disrupt the uniparental transmission of chloroplast genes in chlamydomonas. Genetics 115:677-684

Armbrust EV, Ibrahim A, Goodenough UW (1995) A mating type-linked mutation that disrupts the uniparental inheritance of chloroplast DNA also disrupts cell-size control in Chlamydomonas. Mol Biol Cell 6:1807-1818

Umen JG, Goodenough UW (2001) Control of cell division by a retinoblastoma protein homolog in Chlamydomonas. Genes Dev 15:1652-1661

• Locus:
• MAT3
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Martin Spalding, Iowa State University, March 1991

Phenotype: altered CO2 assimilation

This is a phosphoglycolate phosphatase mutant that requires a high CO2 concentration for photoautotrophic growth.

Suzuki K, Marek LF, Spalding MH (1990) A Photorespiratory Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 93:231-237

• Locus:
• PGP1
• Chromosome:
• 3

From Martin Spalding, Iowa State University, March 1991

Phenotype: herbicide resistant (imazaquin)

This mutant is resistant to the herbicide imazaquin. It may be a mutation in the gene encoding acetolactate synthase, but this has not yet been confirmed to our knowledge either by genetic mapping or molecular analysis.

Winder T, Spalding MH (1988) Imazaquin and chlorsulfuron resistance and cross resistance in mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Gen Genet 213:394-399

From Martin Spalding, Iowa State University, March 1991

Phenotype: herbicide resistant (imazaquin)

This mutant is resistant to the herbicide imazaquin. It may be a mutation in the gene encoding acetolactate synthase gene, but this has not yet been confirmed to our knowledge either by genetic mapping or molecular analysis.

Winder T, Spalding MH (1988) Imazaquin and chlorsulfuron resistance and cross resistance in mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Gen Genet 213:394-399

From Martin Spalding, Iowa State University, March 1991

This mutant is resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron. It is probably a mutation in the gene encoding acetolactate synthase, but this has not yet been confirmed to our knowledge either by genetic mapping or molecular analysis.

Winder T, Spalding MH (1988) Imazaquin and chlorsulfuron resistance and cross resistance in mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Gen Genet 213:394-399

From Robert Spreitzer, University of Nebraska, to N.W. Gillham and J.E. Boynton, added to public colllection 1991

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is Spreitzer’s strain 18-7G-12. The mutation is a UGG > UAG change near the 5′ end of the gene, resulting in a 65-aa polypeptide.

Spreitzer RJ, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Rahire M, Rochaix JD (1985) Nonsense mutations in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast gene that codes for the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:5460-5464

Yu W, Spreitzer RJ (1992) Chloroplast heteroplasmicity is stabilized by an amber-suppressor tryptophan tRNA(CUA). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:3904-3907

• Locus:
• rbcL
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University; originally from Rene Matagne, University of Liege

Phenotype: dies in the dark

This is a subclone of CC-2255, the dum-1 mutant strain obtained from Rene Matagne. This strain, which produces both monomer and dimer molecules, but with a more homogeneous distribution than CC-2255, was used by the Boynton-Gillham laboratory in mitochondrial transformation experiments.

Randolph-Anderson BL, Boynton JE, Gillham NW, Harris EH, Johnson AM, Dorthu MP, Matagne RF (1993) Further characterization of the respiratory deficient dum-1 mutation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its use as a recipient for mitochondrial transformation. Mol Gen Genet 236:235-244

• Locus:
• cob
• Chromosome:
• mitochondrial

From Jacqueline Girard-Bascou, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, June 1991

Phenotype: requires acetate

This strain contains two different mutations, F54 and F14, and is deficient both in photophosphorylation and in the photosystem I reaction center. It has been used in subsequent work as a source of photosynthetically defective chloroplast particles, and is often referred to as a single “mutant.”

Please see CC-980 for more information on F54, and CC-1044 for more information on F14.

Diner BA, Wollman FA (1980) Isolation of highly active photosystem II particles from a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Eur J Biochem 110:521-526

From Rene Matagne, University of Liege, June 1991

Phenotype: wall deficient

This strain has a very good cell-wall-deficient phenotype.

The cwd mutation was isolated by Loppes and Deltour after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of a stock P2PaPD4, deficient in acid and neutral phosphatase activities. It was selected initially as a potential mutant deficient in alkaline phosphatase, but subsequently proved to have a cell wall defect. It complements with cw15 in diploids.

Loppes R, Deltour R (1975) Changes in phosphatase activity associated with cell wall defects in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Arch Microbiol 103:247-250

Matagne R, Deltour R, Ledoux R (1979) Somatic fusion between cell wall mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Nature 278:344-346

Matagne RF, Beckers MC (1983) Perturbation of chloroplast gene transmission in diploid and triploid zygotes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. Curr Genet 7:335-338

Voigt J, Hinkelmann B, Harris EH (1997) Production of cell wall polypeptides by different cell wall mutants of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Microbiol Res 152:189-198

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutation has been found to be an allele at the previously identified PF9 locus, which corresponds to the DHC1 gene. Motility is impaired, inner dynein arms are deficient.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

King SJ, Dutcher SK (1997) Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J Cell Biol 136:177-191

Myster SH, Knott JA, O'Toole E, Porter ME (1997) The Chlamydomonas Dhc1 gene encodes a dynein heavy chain subunit required for assembly of the I1 inner arm complex. Mol Biol Cell 8:607-620

DiBella LM, Sakato M, Patel-King RS, Pazour GJ, King SM (2004) The LC7 light chains of Chlamydomonas flagellar dyneins interact with components required for both motor assembly and regulation. Mol Biol Cell 15:4633-4646

Okita N, Isogai N, Hirono M, Kamiya R, Yoshimura K (2005) Phototactic activity in Chlamydomonas 'non-phototactic' mutants deficient in Ca2+-dependent control of flagellar dominance or in inner-arm dynein. J Cell Sci 118:529-537

• Locus:
• IDA1 [DHC1]
• Chromosome:
• 12

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutation was described by Kamiya et al. in 1991. Please see CC-2664 for more information.

• Locus:
• IDA1 [DHC1]
• Chromosome:
• 12

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutation affects the dynein inner arm 1-beta heavy chain.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

Kurimoto E, Kamiya R (1991) Microtubule sliding in flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas mutants missing inner- or outer-arm dynein: velocity measurements on new types of mutants by an improved method. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 19:275-281

Yagi T, Kamimura S, Kamiya R (1994) Nanometer scale vibration in mutant axonemes of Chlamydomonas. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 29:177-185

Hayashibe K, Shingyoji C, Kamiya R (1997) Induction of temporary beating in paralyzed flagella of Chlamydomonas mutants by application of external force. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 37:232-239

King SJ, Dutcher SK (1997) Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J Cell Biol 136:177-191

• Locus:
• IDA2 [DHC10]
• Chromosome:
• 14

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutation, first described by Kamiya in 1991, affects the dynein inner arm 1-beta heavy chain. Please see CC-2666 for more information.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

Kurimoto E, Kamiya R (1991) Microtubule sliding in flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas mutants missing inner- or outer-arm dynein: velocity measurements on new types of mutants by an improved method. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 19:275-281

Yagi T, Kamimura S, Kamiya R (1994) Nanometer scale vibration in mutant axonemes of Chlamydomonas. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 29:177-185

Hayashibe K, Shingyoji C, Kamiya R (1997) Induction of temporary beating in paralyzed flagella of Chlamydomonas mutants by application of external force. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 37:232-239

King SJ, Dutcher SK (1997) Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J Cell Biol 136:177-191

• Locus:
• IDA2 [DHC10]
• Chromosome:
• 14

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This mutant has a defect in the dynein inner arm.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

King SJ, Dutcher SK (1997) Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J Cell Biol 136:177-191

Bayly PV, Lewis BL, Kemp PS, Pless RB, Dutcher SK (2010) Efficient spatiotemporal analysis of the flagellar waveform of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cytoskeleton 67:56-69

• Locus:
• IDA3
• Chromosome:
• 3

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

Please see CC-2668 for more information on the IDA3 locus.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

King SJ, Dutcher SK (1997) Phosphoregulation of an inner dynein arm complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is altered in phototactic mutant strains. J Cell Biol 136:177-191

Bayly PV, Lewis BL, Kemp PS, Pless RB, Dutcher SK (2010) Efficient spatiotemporal analysis of the flagellar waveform of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cytoskeleton 67:56-69

• Locus:
• IDA3
• Chromosome:
• 3

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This is a mutation in the dynein inner arm p28 light chain.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

Kagami O, Kamiya R (1992) Translocation and rotation of microtubules caused by multiple species of Chlamydomonas inner-arm dynein. J. Cell Sci 103:653-664

LeDizet M, Piperno G (1995) ida4-1, ida4-2, and ida4-3 are intron splicing mutations affecting the locus encoding p28, a light chain of Chlamydomonas axonemal inner dynein arms. Mol Biol Cell 6:713-723

Piperno G, Mead K (1997) Transport of a novel complex in the cytoplasmic matrix of Chlamydomonas flagella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:4457-4462

Yamamoto R, Yanagisawa HA, Yagi T, Kamiya R (2008) Novel 44-kilodalton subunit of axonemal Dynein conserved from chlamydomonas to mammals. Eukaryot Cell 7:154-161

• Locus:
• IDA4 [DII1]
• Chromosome:
• 12

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This is a mutation in the dynein inner arm p28 light chain. Please see CC-2670 for more information on the IDA4 locus.

Kamiya R, Kurimoto E, Muto E (1991) Two types of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants missing different components of inner-arm dynein. J Cell Biol 112:441-447

Kagami O, Kamiya R (1992) Translocation and rotation of microtubules caused by multiple species of Chlamydomonas inner-arm dynein. J. Cell Sci 103:653-664

LeDizet M, Piperno G (1995) ida4-1, ida4-2, and ida4-3 are intron splicing mutations affecting the locus encoding p28, a light chain of Chlamydomonas axonemal inner dynein arms. Mol Biol Cell 6:713-723

Piperno G, Mead K (1997) Transport of a novel complex in the cytoplasmic matrix of Chlamydomonas flagella. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:4457-4462

Yamamoto R, Yanagisawa HA, Yagi T, Kamiya R (2008) Novel 44-kilodalton subunit of axonemal Dynein conserved from chlamydomonas to mammals. Eukaryot Cell 7:154-161

• Locus:
• IDA4 [DII1]
• Chromosome:
• 12

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

The oda11 mutant lacks only the alpha heavy chain of the outer dynein arm, and is thought to be a mutation in the structural gene for this polypeptide.

Sakakibara H, Mitchell DR, Kamiya R (1991) A Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein mutant missing the alpha heavy chain. J Cell Biol 113:615-622

Ishikawa T, Sakakibara H, Oiwa K (2007) The architecture of outer dynein arms in situ. J Mol Biol 368:1249-1258

• Locus:
• ODA11 [DHC13]
• Chromosome:
• 7

From Ritsu Kamiya, Nagoya University, June 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

Please see CC-2672 for more information on the ODA11 locus.

Sakakibara H, Mitchell DR, Kamiya R (1991) A Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein mutant missing the alpha heavy chain. J Cell Biol 113:615-622

Ishikawa T, Sakakibara H, Oiwa K (2007) The architecture of outer dynein arms in situ. J Mol Biol 368:1249-1258

• Locus:
• ODA11 [DHC13]
• Chromosome:
• 7

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, September 1991

Phenotype: somewhat wall deficient

This strain is reported to work well as a recipient for transformation with the NIT1 (NIA1) gene. However, the cell-wall deficient phenotype is not as marked as in the original cw15 mutant. Better transformation efficiencies will be obtained if autolysin is also used to remove the walls prior to introducing the DNA. This strain has the wild type allele at the NIT2 locus.

For more information on nit1-305, please see CC-2453.

• Locus:
• NIT1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota, September 1991

Phenotype: somewhat wall deficient; antibiotic resistant (streptomycin)

This strain is reported to work well as a recipient for transformation with the NIT1 (NIA1) gene. However, the cell-wall deficient phenotype is not as marked as in the original cw15 mutant. Better transformation efficiencies will be obtained if autolysin is also used to remove the walls prior to introducing the DNA. This strain has the wild type allele at the NIT2 locus.

For more information on nit1-305, please see CC-2453.

• Locus:
• NIT1, SR1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From David Luck, Rockefeller University, October 1991

Phenotype: impaired motility

This is the mbo1-1 allele, identified by Luck as his strain T-19-19-1A+ #6. This strain is a subclone of the original mutant, selected for consistent backward-swimming phenotype.

For more information on mbo1 mutants, please see CC-2376.

• Locus:
• MBO1
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Bessie Huang, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, October 1991

Phenotype: herbicide / inhibitor resistant (amiprophos methyl, oryzalin, colchicine)

This mutant is resistant to colchicine, vinblastine, dinitroanilines (e.g. oryzalin, trifluralin), and amiprophos methyl, and shows increased sensitivity to taxol. The mutation changes Lys350 of the beta-2 tubulin gene to Met.

Bolduc C, Lee VD, Huang B (1988) Beta-tubulin mutants of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:131-135

Lee VD, Huang B (1990) Missense mutations at lysine 350 in beta 2-tubulin confer altered sensitivity to microtubule inhibitors in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell 2:1051-1058

Schibler MJ, Huang B (1991) The colR4 and colR15 beta-tubulin mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii confer altered sensitivities to microtubule inhibitors and herbicides by enhancing microtubule stability. J Cell Biol 113:605-614

• Locus:
• TUB2
• Chromosome:
• 12

From Bessie Huang, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, October 1991

Phenotype: herbicide / colchicine resistant (amiprophos methyl, oryzalin, colchicine)

This mutant is resistant to colchicine, vinblastine, dinitroanilines (e.g. oryzalin, trifluralin), and amiprophos methyl, and shows increased sensitivity to taxol. The mutation changes Lys350 of the beta-2 tubulin gene to Glu.

Bolduc C, Lee VD, Huang B (1988) Beta-tubulin mutants of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:131-135

Lee VD, Huang B (1990) Missense mutations at lysine 350 in beta 2-tubulin confer altered sensitivity to microtubule inhibitors in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell 2:1051-1058

Schibler MJ, Huang B (1991) The colR4 and colR15 beta-tubulin mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii confer altered sensitivities to microtubule inhibitors and herbicides by enhancing microtubule stability. J Cell Biol 113:605-614

• Locus:
• TUB2
• Chromosome:
• 12

Original isolate from Kenneth Foster and Juree Saranak, Syracuse University, 11/91; lost to contamination, replaced by David Zacks 1994 from a culture we had sent him previously.

Phenotype: carotenoid deficient, requires acetate

This carotenoid-deficient mutant is pale green or nearly white in color. It is very sensitive to light, and must be grown in the dark. It is an allele at the LTS1 locus (please see CC-4109 for additional information).

Foster KW, Saranak J, Patel N, Zarilli G, Okabe M, Kline T, Nakanishi K (1984) A rhodopsin is the functional photoreceptor for phototaxis in the unicellular eukaryote Chlamydomonas. Nature 311:756-759

• Locus:
• FN68 [PSY1]
• Chromosome:
• 11

From Herman van den Ende, December 1991

This is an isolate of C. moewusii from Germany, obtained by Uwe G. Schlösser and deposited in the Sammlung von Algenkulturen as their strain 23-91.

From Herman van den Ende, December 1991

This is an isolate of C. moewusii from Germany, obtained by Uwe G. Schlösser and deposited in the Sammlung von Algenkulturen as their strain 24-91.