From George Witman, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, October 1994; originally from P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota

Phenotype: herbicide resistant (amiprophos methyl, oryzalin)

Mutants at the APM1 locus are resistant to the microtubule-inhibiting herbicides amiprophos methyl and oryzalin. This allele was isolated in strain NO mt- (equivalent to CC-621).


James SW, Ranum LP, Silflow CD, Lefebvre PA 1988) Mutants resistant to anti-microtubule herbicides map to a locus on the uni linkage group in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 118:141-147

Dutcher SK, Lux FG 3rd (1989) Genetic interactions of mutations affecting flagella and basal bodies in Chlamydomonas. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 14:104-117

James SW, Lefebvre PA (1992) Genetic interactions among Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutations that confer resistance to anti-microtubule herbicides. Genetics 130:305-314


  • Locus:
  • APM1
  • Chromosome:
  • 17

From George Witman, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, October 1994; originally from P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota

Phenotype: herbicide resistant (amiprophos methyl, oryzalin); impaired motility

This strain couples the apm1 (amiprophos methyl resistant) and tnr1 (temperature sensitive flagellar assembly) mutations on linkage group XIX. Please see CC-3004 for more information on apm1, and CC-3002 for tnr1.


  • Locus:
  • APM1, TNR1
  • Chromosome:
  • 17,17

From George Witman, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, October 1994; originally from P.A. Lefebvre, University of Minnesota

Phenotype: impaired motility; uniflagellate; herbicide resistant (amiprophos methyl and oryzalin)

This strain couples three mutations on linkage group XIX: apm1, conferring resistance to amiprophos methyl and oryzalin; tnr1, a temperature-sensitive mutation affecting flagellar assembly; and uni1, which produces uniflagellate cells. Please see CC-3002, CC-3004 and CC-1926 for the single mutations at these loci.


  • Locus:
  • APM1, TNR1, UNI1
  • Chromosome:
  • 17,17,17

From George Witman, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, October 1994

Phenotype: impaired motility

This strain couples mutations in the inner and outer dynein arm complexes. Myster et al. have shown that the IDA1 or PF9 locus corresponds to the gene encoding a dynein heavy chain subunit required for assembly of the I1 inner arm complex. Koutoulis et al. have reported that the ODA3 locus corresponds to the gene encoding an 83.4 component of the outer dynein arm docking complex.

Please see CC-2232 for more information on oda3, and CC-2664 for more on ida1.


Myster SH, Knott JA, O'Toole E, Porter ME (1997) The Chlamydomonas Dhc1 gene encodes a dynein heavy chain subunit required for assembly of the I1 inner arm complex. Mol Biol Cell 8:607-620

Koutoulis A, Pazour GJ, Wilkerson CG, Inaba K, Sheng H, Takada S, Witman GB (1997) The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ODA3 gene encodes a protein of the outer dynein arm docking complex. J Cell Biol 137:1069-1080


  • Locus:
  • IDA1 [DHC1], ODA3 [DCC1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 12,17

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Asn at position 101 in the centrin gene (replacing the original vfl2-220 mutation, which was a Glu>Lys change at this position). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl2-220 cw15 mt+. Please see CC-2530 for more information on vfl2.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Met at position 101 in the centrin gene (replacing the original vfl2-220 mutation, which was a Glu>Lys change at this position). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl-220 cw15 mt+. This strain was derived from a cross of the original strain to vfl2-220 to remove the cw15 marker. Please see CC-2530 for more information on vfl2.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Ile at position 101 in the centrin gene (replacing the original vfl2-220 mutation, which was a Glu>Lys change at this position). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl2-220 cw15 mt+.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Lys at position 101 (the original vfl2-220 mutation) and Gln at position 104 in the centrin gene (where the wild-type gene has Arg). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl2-220 cw15 mt+.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Lys at position 101 (the original vfl2-220 mutation) and His at position 96 in the centrin gene (where the wild-type gene has Arg). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl2-220 cw15 mt+.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Jonathan Jarvik, Carnegie-Mellon University, November 1994

This is a revertant of vfl2 with Lys at position 101 (the original vfl2-220 mutation) and Gln at position 96 in the centrin gene (where the wild-type gene has Arg). It was obtained in Jarvik’s 454 strain, which is vfl2-220 cw15 mt+, and subsequently outcrossed to a vlf2-220 strain to remove the cw15 mutation.


Taillon BE, Adler SA, Suhan JP, Jarvik JW (1992) Mutational analysis of centrin: an EF-hand protein associated with three distinct contractile fibers in the basal body apparatus of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 119:1613-1624


  • Locus:
  • VFL2
  • Chromosome:
  • 11

From Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, November 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a frameshift mutation resulting from deletion at position 210 in the PETE gene encoding plastocyanin. The mutation was induced in CC-124 by UV mutagenesis, and subsequently outcrossed to CC-125.


Li HH, Quinn J, Culler D, Girard-Bascou J, Merchant S (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 271:31283-31289


  • Locus:
  • PCY1 [PETE]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, November 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a nonsense mutation resulting from a transition at position 110 in the PETE gene encoding plastocyanin. The mutation was induced in CC-124 by UV mutagenesis, and subsequently outcrossed to CC-125.


Li HH, Quinn J, Culler D, Girard-Bascou J, Merchant S (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 271:31283-31289


  • Locus:
  • PCY1 [PETE]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, November 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a transversion mutation at position 759, resulting in read-through, in the PETE gene encoding plastocyanin. The mutation was induced in CC-124 by UV mutagenesis, and subsequently outcrossed to CC-125. This is one of five products of that cross.


Li HH, Quinn J, Culler D, Girard-Bascou J, Merchant S (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 271:31283-31289


  • Locus:
  • PCY1 [PETE]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Stuart Ross in Bruce Selman’s lab, University of Wisconsin, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate; wall deficient

This is a null mutation in the ATPC gene encoding the gamma subunit of CF1 ATP synthase. The mutant was obtained by Eric Smart by transformation of a nit1-305 cw15 strain with a construct in which a 168 bp Bgl II fragment from the ATPC cDNA was replaced with a plasmid sequence. Transformants were selected for arsenate tolerance and screened for an acetate-requiring phenotype. The mutant was shown to have a defect in the 5′ portion of the AtpC gene. It does not accumulate either mRNA or a polypeptide.

For site-directed mutations that alter specific amino acids in ATPC, please see CC-3023 through CC-3027.


Smart EJ, Selman BR (1991) Isolation and characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking the gamma-subunit of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1). Mol Cell Biol 11:5053-5058

Smart EJ, Selman BR (1993) Complementation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant defective in the nuclear gene encoding the chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) gamma-subunit (atpC). J Bioenerg Biomembr 25:275-284

Ross SA, Zhang MX, Selman BR (1996) A role for the disulfide bond spacer region of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coupling factor 1 gamma-subunit in redox regulation of ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 28:49-57

Ponomarenko S (2006) Algae cells with deletion of the segment D210-R226 in γ subunit from chloroplast ATP synthase have lower transmembrane proton gradient and grow slowly. Photosynthetica 44:338-344


  • Locus:
  • ATPC, NIT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6,9

From Stuart Ross in Bruce Selman’s lab, University of Wisconsin, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This mutation was obtained by co-transformation of atpC1 nit1-305 cw15 (CC-3022) with pMN24 (containing the wild type gene for NIT1) and a construct containing a mutant AtpC gene. This mutation substitutes Ser for Cys at position 198 of the CF1 gamma subunit polypeptide.


Ross SA, Zhang MX, Selman BR (1996) A role for the disulfide bond spacer region of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coupling factor 1 gamma-subunit in redox regulation of ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 28:49-57


  • Locus:
  • ATPC, NIT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6,9

From Stuart Ross in Bruce Selman’s lab, University of Wisconsin, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This mutation was obtained by co-transformation of atpC1 nit1-305 cw15 (CC-3022) with pMN24 (containing the wild type gene for NIT1) and a construct containing a mutant AtpC gene. This mutation substitutes Ser for Cys at position 204 of the CF1 gamma subunit polypeptide.


Ross SA, Zhang MX, Selman BR (1996) A role for the disulfide bond spacer region of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coupling factor 1 gamma-subunit in redox regulation of ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 28:49-57


  • Locus:
  • ATPC, NIT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6,9

From Stuart Ross in Bruce Selman’s lab, University of Wisconsin, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This mutation was obtained by co-transformation of atpC1 nit1-305 cw15 (CC-3022) with pMN24 (containing the wild type gene for NIT1) and a construct containing a mutant AtpC gene. This mutation substitutes Ala for Asp at position 199 of the CF1 gamma subunit polypeptide.


Ross SA, Zhang MX, Selman BR (1996) A role for the disulfide bond spacer region of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coupling factor 1 gamma-subunit in redox regulation of ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 28:49-57


  • Locus:
  • ATPC, NIT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6,9

From Stuart Ross in Bruce Selman’s lab, University of Wisconsin, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate

This ATPC mutation was obtained by co-transformation of atpC1 nit1-305 cw15 (CC-3022) with pMN24 (containing the wild type gene for NIT1) and a construct containing a mutant ATPC gene. This mutation substitutes Ala for Asp at position 199 and Lys for Asp at position 203 of the CF1 gamma subunit polypeptide.


Ross SA, Zhang MX, Selman BR (1996) A role for the disulfide bond spacer region of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii coupling factor 1 gamma-subunit in redox regulation of ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 28:49-57


  • Locus:
  • ATPC, NIT1
  • Chromosome:
  • 6,9

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, December 1994

Phenotype: requires acetate, arginine, and nicotinamide

This strain was constructed from H11 (CC-3030 arg7 mt+) x CC-2660 kr-u-24-2 ac29a nic7 mt- (no longer in the collection. The kr, nit1 and nit2 phenotypes were not determined.


  • Locus:
  • AC29 [ALB3], ARG7, NIC7 [QSA1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 1,6

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, December 1994, their strain H8

Phenotype: requires arginine

This strain came originally from Lai-wa Tam, and was isolated as an arg7 strain that mates well. Ellis reported difficulty in transforming this strain.

For more information on the arg7 mutation see CC-48.


  • Locus:
  • ARG7
  • Chromosome:
  • 1

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, December 1994, their strain H11

Phenotype: requires arginine

This strain came originally from Lai-wa Tam, and was isolated as an arg7 strain that mates well. Ellis reported difficulty in transforming this strain.

For more information on the arg7 mutation see CC-48.


  • Locus:
  • ARG7
  • Chromosome:
  • 1

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, December 1994, their strain D42

Phenotype: requires arginine

This strain came originally from Lai-wa Tam, and was isolated as an arg7 strain that mates well. Ellis reported that this strain transforms well. It carries both the nit1 and nit2 mutations.

For more information on the arg7 mutation see CC-48.


  • Locus:
  • ARG7
  • Chromosome:
  • 1

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, December 1994, their strain D43

Phenotype: requires arginine

This strain came originally from Lai-wa Tam, and was isolated as an arg7 strain that mates well. Ellis reported that transformation with this strain was “so-so.” It carries both the nit1 and nit2 mutations.

For more information on the arg7 mutation see CC-48.


  • Locus:
  • ARG7
  • Chromosome:
  • 1

From Steven Mayfield, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, January 1995

Phenotype: requires acetate

F34 is a mutation at the TBC1 locus, which encodes a product required for translation of psbC mRNA.


Girard-Bascou J, Pierre Y, Drapier D (1992) A nuclear mutation affects the synthesis of the chloroplast psbA gene production Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Curr Genet 22:47-52

Zerges W, Girard-Bascou J, Rochaix JD (1997) Translation of the chloroplast psbC mRNA is controlled by interactions between its 5' leader and the nuclear loci TBC1 and TBC3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Cell Biol 17:3440-3448

Zerges W, Auchincloss AH, Rochaix JD (2003) Multiple translational control sequences in the 5' leader of the chloroplast psbC mRNA interact with nuclear gene products in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 163:895-904

From Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, November 1994

PC254 is a transversion mutation resulting in read-through at the terminal stop codon of the PETE gene. This is one of five products of a cross of the original PC254 mutant to wild type CC-125.


Li HH, Quinn J, Culler D, Girard-Bascou J, Merchant S (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 271:31283-31289


  • Locus:
  • PCY1 [PETE]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, November 1994

PC254 is a transversion mutation resulting in read-through at the terminal stop codon of the PETE gene. This is one of five products of a cross of the original PC254 mutant to wild type CC-125, and is the least leaky of the products saved.


Li HH, Quinn J, Culler D, Girard-Bascou J, Merchant S (1996) Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 271:31283-31289


  • Locus:
  • PCY1 [PETE]
  • Chromosome:
  • 3

From Lisa Ellis in Ursula Goodenough’s laboratory, Washington University, January 1995

From a cross of CC-85 nic7 x H8 arg7 (CC-3029). The nit1 nit2 genotype of this strain is unknown. It has been transformed successfully with pnic7.9 (P-628), but has not been tested for arg transformation.


  • Locus:
  • ARG7, NIC7 [QSA1]
  • Chromosome:
  • 1,6

From Patrick Ferris, Goodenough lab, Washington University, February 1995

Phenotype: requires acetate, somewhat chlorophyll deficient

This is a diploid construct containing ac29a and another ac29 mutation, newly isolated in 1995, plus the nic7 mutation and its wild type allele (nic7 ac29a mt-/ + ac29-x mt+). This strain is nic+ but shows the ac29 (yellow colony) phenotype.


  • Locus:
  • AC29 [ALB3]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Patrick Ferris, Goodenough lab, Washington University, February 1995

Phenotype: requires acetate, somewhat chlorophyll deficient

This is a diploid construct containing ac29a and another ac29 mutation, newly isolated in 1995, plus the nic7 mutation and its wild type allele (nic7 ac29a mt-/ + ac29-x mt+). This strain is nic+ but shows the ac29 (yellow colony) phenotype.


  • Locus:
  • AC29 [ALB3]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6

From Patrick Ferris, Goodenough lab, Washington University, February 1995

Phenotype: requires acetate, somewhat chlorophyll deficient

This is a diploid construct containing ac29a and another ac29 mutation, newly isolated in 1995, plus the nic7 mutation and its wild type allele (nic7 ac29a mt-/ + ac29-x mt+). This strain is nic+ but shows the ac29 (yellow colony) phenotype.

The new ac29 mutation in this strain is a 3 kb deletion, now known as ac29-3. It is stable and more easily scored than other ac29 alleles. Also see CC-3054.


  • Locus:
  • AC29 [ALB3]
  • Chromosome:
  • 6