Strains

From Peter Luykx, University of Miami, January 1999

Phenotype: deficient in osmoregulation

This is an osmoregulatory mutant that grows best on TAP medium supplemented with .06 M sucrose, sorbitol or lactose. It was obtained in 1992 by UV mutagenesis of CC-124 wild type mt-, backcrossed and re-isolated five times since then. The strains used for backcrossing were CC-124, CC-125 and CC-1036.

Luykx P, Hoppenrath M, Robinson DG (1997) Osmoregulatory mutants that affect the function of the contractile vacuole inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Protoplasma 200:99-111

From Peter Luykx, University of Miami, January 1999

Phenotype: deficient in osmoregulation

This is an osmoregulatory mutant that grows best on TAP medium supplemented with .06 M sucrose, sorbitol or lactose. It was obtained in 1992 by UV mutagenesis of CC-124 wild type mt- and backcrossed twice to CC-125 wild type.

Luykx P, Hoppenrath M, Robinson DG (1997) Osmoregulatory mutants that affect the function of the contractile vacuole inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Protoplasma 200:99-111

From Peter Luykx, University of Miami, January 1999

Phenotype: deficient in osmoregulation

This is an osmoregulatory mutant that grows best on TAP medium supplemented with .06 M sucrose, sorbitol or lactose. It was obtained in 1992 by UV mutagenesis of CC-124 wild type mt- and backcrossed three times, to CC-1036 and CC-124.

Luykx P, Hoppenrath M, Robinson DG (1997) Osmoregulatory mutants that affect the function of the contractile vacuole inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Protoplasma 200:99-111

From Peter Luykx, University of Miami, January 1999

Phenotype: deficient in osmoregulation

This is an osmoregulatory mutant that grows best on TAP medium supplemented with .06 M sucrose, sorbitol or lactose. It was obtained in 1992 by UV mutagenesis of CC-124 wild type mt- and backcrossed to CC-125 wild type.

Luykx P, Hoppenrath M, Robinson DG (1997) Osmoregulatory mutants that affect the function of the contractile vacuole inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Protoplasma 200:99-111

From David Mitchell, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, February 1999

Phenotype: motility impaired; requires arginine

The original cpc1-2 mutant was isolated by insertional mutagenesis of a nit1-305 strain with pMN24. This strain has undergone several rounds of crosses in a 137c background and may have picked up the nit2 marker. This mutation disrupts structures associated with the flagellar central pair microtubules.

Mitchell DR, Sale WS (1999) Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures. J Cell Biol 144:293-304

• Locus:
• ARG7, CPC1
• Chromosome:
• 1,3

From David Mitchell, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, February 1999

Phenotype: impaired motility

The original cpc1-1 mutant was isolated by insertional mutagenesis of a nit1-305 strain with pMN24. This strain has undergone several rounds of crosses in a 137c background and may have picked up the nit2 marker. This mutation disrupts structures associated with the flagellar central pair microtubules.

Mitchell DR, Sale WS (1999) Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures. J Cell Biol 144:293-304

• Locus:
• CPC1
• Chromosome:
• 3

From David Mitchell, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, February 1999

Phenotype: impaired motility

The original cpc1-2 mutant was isolated by insertional mutagenesis of a nit1-305 strain with pMN24. This strain has undergone several rounds of crosses in a 137c background and may have picked up the nit2 marker. This mutation disrupts structures associated with the flagellar central pair microtubules.

Mitchell DR, Sale WS (1999) Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures. J Cell Biol 144:293-304

• Locus:
• CPC1
• Chromosome:
• 3

From David Mitchell, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, February 1999

Phenotype: motility impaired; requires arginine

The original cpc1-2 mutant was isolated by insertional mutagenesis of a nit1-305 strain with pMN24. This strain has undergone several rounds of crosses in a 137c background and may have picked up the nit2 marker. This mutation disrupts structures associated with the flagellar central pair microtubules.

Mitchell DR, Sale WS (1999) Characterization of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant that disrupts flagellar central pair microtubule-associated structures. J Cell Biol 144:293-304

• Locus:
• ARG7, CPC1
• Chromosome:
• 1,3

From Kazuo Nakamura, University of Lethbridge, by way of Takeshi Egashira, Kyushu Dental College, Japan, March 1999

Phenotype: chlorophyll b deficient

This mutant was isolated as methionine sensitive by Nakamura et al. (see CC-2913 NL-11 mt+ ), and later determined to be chlorophyll b deficient. Doi et al. reported that this mutant excretes red pigments identified as breakdown products of chlorophyll a.

Doi M, Shima S, Egashira T, Nakamura K, Okayama S (1997) New bile pigment excreted by a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant: A possible breakdown catabolite of chlorophyll a. J Plant Physiol 150:504-508

From Gregory Pazour, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, March 1999

Phenotype: impaired motility

This strain is Pazour’s 3088.4, a product of a backcross of the original mutant (V92.2) to CC-124.

Pazour GJ, Dickert BL, Witman GB (1999) The DHC1b (DHC2) isoform of cytoplasmic dynein is required for flagellar assembly. J Cell Biol 144:473-481

Hou Y, Pazour GJ, Witman GB (2004) A Dynein Light Intermediate Chain, D1bLIC, Is Required for Retrograde Intraflagellar Transport. Mol Biol Cell 15:382-4394

• Locus:
• DHC1b
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Patrick Ferris, Goodenough lab, Washington University, March 1999

Phenotype: sex reversal

This is an insertional mutant made by Christoph Beck, called CF181. The original strain was mt-, and the mutant phenotype is pseudo-plus (i.e. like the imp11 mutation). Southern blotting demonstrates that the mid gene and about 30 kb of flanking DNA are deleted.

For more about the MID gene, please see CC-1148.

• Locus:
• CF181 [MID]
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Beth Dreyfuss and Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, April 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is an insertional mutant isolated by transformation with pARG7.8phi3. This strain is deficient in the cytochrome b6/f complex, due to absence of accumulation of the petB message. Accumulation of messages for petA and petD is unaffected. The mutant accumulates the other plastid c-type cytochrome, cyt c6, normally under Cu-deficient conditions.

From Beth Dreyfuss and Sabeeha Merchant, UCLA, April 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

The ccs4 mutant, originally F2D8, is acetate requiring and shows pleiotropic deficiency in components of the cytochrome b6/f complex. This mutant is acetate requiring under both copper-sufficient and copper-depleted conditions.

Howe G, Merchant S (1992) The biosynthesis of membrane and soluble plastidic c-type cytochromes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is dependent on multiple common gene products. EMBO J 11:2789-2801

Xie Z, Merchant S (1998) A novel pathway for cytochromes c biogenesis in chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1365:309-318

Gabilly ST, Kropat J, Karamoko M, Page MD, Nakamoto SS, Merchant SS, Hamel PP (2011) A novel component of the disulfide-reducing pathway required for cytochrome c assembly in plastids. Genetics 187:793-802

• Locus:
• CCS4
• Chromosome:
• 1

From Britta Förster, Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1999

Phenotype: can grow at very high light intensity

This is a spontaneous mutant selected in the wild-type strain CC-125
for ability to grow and remain green at very high light intensity (1500-2000 micromole photons per square meter per second). VHLR-S4 and VHLR-S9 (CC-3724) are the best characterized of this series of mutants.

Förster B, Osmond B, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1999) Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to very high light. J Photochem Photobiol 48:127-135

Förster B, Osmond CB, Boynton JE (2001) Very high light resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Responses of Photosystem II, nonphotochemical quenching and xanthophyll pigments to light and CO(2). Photosynth Res 67:5-15

Förster B, Osmond CB, Pogson BJ (2005) Improved survival of very high light and oxidative stress is conferred by spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in Chlamydomonas. Biochim Biophys Acta 1709:45-57

Förster B, Mathesius U, Pogson BJ (2006) Comparative proteomics of high light stress in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proteomics 6:4309-4320

From Britta Förster, Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1999

Phenotype: can grow at very high light intensity

This is a spontaneous mutant selected in the wild-type strain CC-125 for ability to grow and remain green at very high light intensity (1500-2000 micromole photons per square meter per second). VHLR-S4 (CC-3723) and VHLR-S9 are the best characterized of this series of mutants.

Förster B, Osmond B, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1999) Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to very high light. J Photochem Photobiol 48:127-135

Förster B, Osmond CB, Boynton JE (2001) Very high light resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Responses of Photosystem II, nonphotochemical quenching and xanthophyll pigments to light and CO(2). Photosynth Res 67:5-15

Förster B, Osmond CB, Pogson BJ (2005) Improved survival of very high light and oxidative stress is conferred by spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in Chlamydomonas. Biochim Biophys Acta 1709:45-57

Förster B, Mathesius U, Pogson BJ (2006) Comparative proteomics of high light stress in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proteomics 6:4309-4320

From Britta Förster, Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1999

Phenotype: can grow at very high light intensity

This is a spontaneous mutant selected for ability to grow and remain green at very high light intensity (1500-2000 micromole photons per square meter per second). The background strain was the herbicide-resistant mutant psbA-A251L*, obtained from a cross of strain CC-3389 to wild-type CC-124. Please see CC-3389 for more information on the A251L mutation.

Förster B, Osmond B, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1999) Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to very high light. J Photochem Photobiol 48:127-135

Förster B, Osmond CB, Boynton JE (2001) Very high light resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Responses of Photosystem II, nonphotochemical quenching and xanthophyll pigments to light and CO(2). Photosynth Res 67:5-15

Förster B, Osmond CB, Pogson BJ (2005) Improved survival of very high light and oxidative stress is conferred by spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in Chlamydomonas. Biochim Biophys Acta 1709:45-57

From Britta Förster, Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1999

This is a spontaneous mutant selected for ability to grow and remain green at very high light intensity (1500-2000 micromole photons per square meter per second). The background strain was the herbicide-resistant mutant psbA-A251L*, obtained from a cross of strain CC-3389 to wild-type CC-124. Please see CC-3389 for more information on the A251L mutation.

Förster B, Osmond B, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1999) Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to very high light. J Photochem Photobiol 48:127-135

From Britta Förster, Boynton-Gillham laboratory, Duke University, 1999

Phenotype: can grow at very high light intensity

This is a spontaneous mutant selected for ability to grow and remain green at very high light intensity (1500-2000 micromole photons per square meter per second). The background strain was the herbicide-resistant mutant psbA-A251L*, obtained from a cross of strain CC-3389 to wild-type CC-124. Please see CC-3389 for more information on the A251L mutation.

Förster B, Osmond B, Boynton JE, Gillham NW (1999) Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to very high light. J Photochem Photobiol 48:127-135

Förster B, Osmond CB, Boynton JE (2001) Very high light resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Responses of Photosystem II, nonphotochemical quenching and xanthophyll pigments to light and CO(2). Photosynth Res 67:5-15

Förster B, Osmond CB, Pogson BJ (2005) Improved survival of very high light and oxidative stress is conferred by spontaneous gain-of-function mutations in Chlamydomonas. Biochim Biophys Acta 1709:45-57

From Karen Kindle, Cornell University, 1999; originally from Bruce Selman, University of Wisconsin

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is strain T1-54, a mutation in the ATPC gene. Also see CC-3022 for more detailed information on this gene.

Smart EJ, Selman BR (1991) Isolation and characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking the gamma-subunit of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1). Mol Cell Biol 11:5053-5058

• Locus:
• ATPC
• Chromosome:
• 6

From Karen Kindle, Cornell University, 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate and arginine

This is strain DB-30, a mutation in the ATPC gene. Also see CC-3022 for more detailed information on this gene.

• Locus:
• ARG7, ATPC
• Chromosome:
• 1,6

From Karen Kindle, Cornell University, 1999, mutant originally from Rogene Schnell

From a cross of a nit1 deletion strain generated by Rogene Schnell.

• Locus:
• NIT1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From Karen Kindle, Cornell University, 1999, mutant originally from Rogene Schnell

From a cross of a nit1 deletion strain generated by Rogene Schnell

• Locus:
• NIT1
• Chromosome:
• 9

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a site-directed mutation in the petA gene.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a site-directed mutation in the petA gene.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a site-directed mutation in the petA gene.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

This is a site-directed mutation in the petA gene.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35, 14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37, 15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

The petA gene in this strain contains the indicated site-directed mutations.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

The petA gene in this strain contains the indicated site-directed mutations.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37:17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Michael Ponamarev and William Cramer, Purdue University, July 1999

Phenotype: requires acetate

The petA gene in this strain contains the indicated site-directed mutations.

Ponamarev MV, Cramer WA (1998) Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6. Biochemistry 37, 17199-17208

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Tae GS, Cramer WA (1996) Effect of the interdomain basic region of cytochrome f on its redox reactions in vivo. Biochemistry 35:14590-14598

Soriano GM, Ponamarev MV, Piskorowski RA, Cramer WA (1998) Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking interactions with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer reaction in vivo. Biochemistry 37:15120-15128

• Locus:
• petA
• Chromosome:
• chloroplast

From Lynne Quarmby and Rip Finst, Emory University, November 1999

Phenotype: impaired flagellar autotomy

This is an allele at the ADF1 locus, obtained by insertional mutagenesis with NIT1. For more information on this locus, please see CC-2919.

Finst RJ, Kim PJ, Quarmby LM (1998) Genetics of the deflagellation pathway in Chlamydomonas. Genetics 149:927-936

• Locus:
• ADF1
• Chromosome:
• 9